Street portraiture is probably my favourite type of photography – I’ve been published for it and have another whole website dedicated to it – and whilst I’m no expert or professional, I like to think I’m half decent at it at least. So here are my tips to avoid boring street portraits and to make more compelling and intimate images.

Get Closer

Probably the most famous piece of photography advice ever given is Robert Capa’s “If your photographs aren’t good enough, you’re not close enough”. Here was a man who was so determined to get ‘close enough’ that he actually took part in the Normandy landings, so if he can jump off a boat and take pictures whilst being shot at by the Nazis, you should have no fear getting up close to people on the street!

All too often I see photographers on my photo tours show up with long lenses and shoot people from a distance, and it’s pretty much always because they’re too shy to approach people. The problem with the images they take is that there’s no engagement or intimacy, there’s no story, and there’s no sense that the photographer is in any way involved with the subject, so the pictures look cold as a result. Most of my street portraits are taken with my trusty 24mm lens, which means I have to get pretty close.

I’m not suggesting you go all Bruce Gilden or Tatsuo Suzuki and get right up in people’s faces whether they like it or not (though you can if you have the confidence – and the running speed – to do so!); what I am suggesting is that you overcome your shyness and simply talk to people. If you see someone who looks interesting, politely ask them if you can take their photograph (or if there are language barriers, use gestures to indicate that you want to photograph them). They will either say yes (here in Thailand that’s a 99% probability), in which case you get your shots, or they will say no. And if they say no, you just move onto the next shot. It really is that simple. People love it when someone shows a flattering interest in them, and if they’re a little reticent or reluctant, just explain that you’re a street photographer and like shooting interesting-looking people. Give them a business card if you have one, or take their email address and promise to send them a shot. Works nearly every time.

The example above shows why you shouldn’t be shy. It was taken under a flyover in Bangkok’s Khlongtoey ‘slum’ district, and the subject maybe isn’t necessarily someone you or I would feel comfortable approaching, but it’s that intimidating look – the shaven head, the scowl, the tattoos – that make him such an interesting subject. As it was he was more than happy to sit for a few shots, and poses for me every time I see him to this day.

Look for Interesting People

It goes without saying that quirky, eccentric-looking people make for more interesting street portraits. Yes, everyone has a story, but from a photography point of view, visually striking people make for better portraits. There is a risk with eccentrics – especially when you’re shooting homeless people, buskers etc – that your pictures can appear exploitative, or freak show-y; so take the time to engage with your subject, chat to them, find out their story, make them feel comfortable with being photographed, and show them the pictures you’ve taken.

This guy is my favourite photography subject in the world. His name is Khun Lem and he lives in a tiny shack in Khlongtoey. At first glance he looks like someone you’d cross the street to avoid, but stop and chat to him and you discover he’s a very friendly guy who will happily give you a swig of whatever he’s drinking at the time. A good example of why you shouldn’t be intimidated by eccentrics and spent some time engaging with them before, during and after you shoot.

Look at the Eyes

One of my favourite photography Youtubers is travel photographer Mitchell Kanashkevich, aka mitchellkphotos. He makes short, sweet and very informative videos, and the video below is very possibly the best short photography advice video I’ve ever watched.

In the clip, Mitchell talks about the visual ‘weight’ or importance that each element in the picture has, and how, as human beings, we give human faces – and the eyes in particular – more weight than anything else in a photograph. Essentially, if there’s a face in a picture, that’s what we go to first, and it’s the eyes that draw us in the most. Often we’re in such a rush to take a street portrait that we don’t take the time to look at the eyes and play around with eyelines, but they really do make or break a picture.  As Mitchell says, a subject looking directly at us adds an intimacy or even an intensity to an image:

…whilst a subject looking away from us and out of the shot adds a whole new storytelling dimension to a picture. In the shot below, why is the old man looking up? Has he seen something above him? Is it a look of despair? Is he looking at the station clock? His eyes totally transform the picture from a simple portrait into something different:

Use Context to Tell Stories

One of the great things about street portraits is that we are shooting people on their home turf, in their natural environment, living their regular lives, rather than in the sterile environment of the studio. So whilst the temptation is often to shoot just the face, sometimes it’s better to stand back (or zoom out), and apply some context. Faces themselves don’t tell the whole story, and it’s only when we show that person in their surroundings that the full story emerges, like this shot of a man in his shack in Khlongtoey:

And the guy below is pretty colourful and charismatic enough in himself, but by pulling back and showing that he’s sitting in a restaurant, the picture becomes even more interesting:

Look for Contradictions

We love the unexpected, and so photos that show people doing things they wouldn’t normally do, or in places they wouldn’t normally be, naturally stand out & appeal to us – it’s why photographers love those shots of policemen dancing with revellers at the Notting Hill Carnival, or why politicians like to be photographed playing football or having a drink in a pub. In Southeast Asia, monks are a popular subject here – seeing a monk using a mobile phone, smoking a cigarette or running for a bus is like catnip to street photographers, and so when I saw this charismatic monk in a woolly hat and shades, I simply had to take his picture. The train in the background, and the matching colours, make this one of my favourite pictures.

And in the shot below, there’s a nice contrast between the tough-looking shirtless tattooed guy and the tenderness he shows his sleeping daughter:

Such pictures aren’t easy to come by, can’t really be staged and require considerable luck and patience – make sure you’ve mastered your camera settings so you can get that shot when it comes up!

Use Light

Photography is, of course, all about light, and few things give me more satisfaction as a photographer than a beautifully lit image. The light can sometimes become a subject in itself, and can transform an otherwise unremarkable scene or subject into a thing of beauty. Sometimes you just happen to catch someone in a perfect patch of light and simply have to photograph them, such as the tattooed guy in Khlongtoey below who just happened to be sitting in a patch of sunlight outside his house:

And sometimes it’s the light itself that tells the story and guides you to the subject. The picture below is a prime example. I’d had a frustrating morning’s shooting and was, as usual on such an occasion, heading home whilst muttering about giving up altogether, when I spotted a narrow alleyway with a food stall in it, into which a shaft of sunlight was shining, as if beckoning me in and encouraging me not to give up and go home. This old guy just happened to be facing right into it, I got one of my favourite ever shots, and the day was saved!

Shoot a Series or Project

Thinking in terms of a project or series can help you focus and achieve some consistency and style in the pictures you take. You’re also more likely to get noticed and published if you can put your images together into a project – editors are more likely to work with you if you can create interesting and cohesive photo essays, ideally with some linking text. I was getting absolutely nowhere until I put together my Faces of Khlongtoey project, but have now been published several times as a result of that one project.

Also think about shooting at specific events – sporting events, protests, celebrations, anything. People are generally either more relaxed or less likely to notice you when they have something specific to focus on, and so they’re a great way to get lots of good portraits. The images below were taken during an afternoon of drinking and photographing at a cockfighting stables in the Bangkok slums with a couple of Russians. And it’s not often you say that.

Relax & Engage

Finally, and possibly most importantly, it’s very important that your subjects – and you – are relaxed when shooting takes place. We’re often tense when shooting people we’ve just met and tend to rush our shots as a result, but we need to take a deep breath, look around, establish the context, study the subject, and decide what pictures we want to make.

And often – particularly here in Asia – when you ask if you can take a person’s picture, they’ll adopt a rigid , serious pose, smile directly at you, or make the peace sign at you. These are fine if that’s the kind of image you want, but they don’t make for good street portraits. If this happens, signal to the subject that you’d rather they just carried on with whatever they were doing that made them so interesting to you in the first place, or indicate that you want them to look off-camera. If they’re still rigid, take a couple of shots and show them. They’ll instantly relax, and probably laugh, at which point you can fire off a few more spontaneous shots, and there are more likely to be winners.

I was attracted to this guy (in Hanoi) by his pipe smoke, but when I asked him for a picture he hid the pipe down by his side and just smiled at me, so I asked him to keep smoking, which is how I got the ‘money shot’ here. If someone’s agreed to be shot, they won’t usually mind you directing them a little bit.

So to sum up, shooting street portraits is nothing to be scared of. Relax, be friendly, think about what you’re doing, find interesting people and stories, and think about eyes, context/background, and light. Remember that and your street portraits will go from boring to brilliant in no time at all.

And yet a lot of the market photography we see online tends to be samey and cliched – piles of fruit, smiling stallholders (a staple of any photographer’s visit to a market in SE Asia in particular), price tags etc. I spend a lot of time shooting in the markets of Bangkok with my photo walk clients, and always try to get shots that are a bit different to the norm. Here are my tips for making sure your next market shoot produces the goods!

Get Closer

Robert Capa‘s “If your pictures aren’t good enough you’re not close enough” is probably the most famous bit of photography advice of all time. It’s a particular issue for beginner photographers or those who haven’t done much street photography, and have yet to overcome their fear of approaching strangers (which is why Bangkok, with its friendly locals, is a great city to learn in!). Many photographers overcome this fear with long lenses, but these create a distance from the subject. I like to get right up close to people and, if they have the time, interact with them. It’s the only way to get intimate, engaging people shots.

Butcher at Mapusa Market, Goa

Fishmonger at Khlong Thoey Market, Bangkok

Embrace the Blur

When shooting in markets you don’t always have time to perfectly compose the shot and adjust your settings – there’s simply too much going on. I usually shoot in A or P mode at an ISO of around 800, and don’t always care if there’s a bit of motion blur, as it helps convey a sense of movement and activity. As the great Henri Cartier-Bresson said, “Sharpness is a bourgeois concept“, and that’s particularly true of street photography. Don’t get hung up on having a super-fast shutter speed – embrace the movement of chaos of the market and add some dynamism to your shots.

Man making pancakes at Phutharet Market, Bangkok

Find Frames

Markets are a great place to find framing devices, some more obvious than others. Stall frames, hanging produce, awnings and so on all make great natural frames for your shots. It’s a case of having an eye for geometry, finding the right frame, and then waiting for someone – or something – to come along and fill it!

Duck seller in Chinatown, Bangkok

Price tag at a chicken stall at Khlong Thoey Market, Bangkok

Khlong Thoey Market, Bangkok

Look at the Hands

Too often, photographers focus on faces without paying attention to the rest of the body – a particular lapse in markets where the hands are invariably doing interesting things! So when you’re photographing market workers, look at what they’re doing and, if it’s interesting, focus on the activity rather than the person.

Woman selling fish at Mapusa Market, Goa

Woman making flower garlands at Mapusa Market, Goa

Also, markets are home to people who work hard and have gnarly, wrinkled old hands to prove it! I met the old lady in the picture below at Mapusa Market in Goa, & as I was shooting her I noticed she had amazing hands, so they suddenly became the focus of the picture.

Get Quirky

Don’t just think about people & produce shots – look for unusual, quirky or humorous shots. In the picture below, taken at Khlong Thoey Market in Bangkok, I spotted the advertisement and waited a few minutes until someone walked behind it, to get the perfect shot…

If you’re not too squeamish, the meat section is a goldmine for unusual shots. I squatted down next to this pig’s head, also at Khlong Thoey, & waited for something to happen, and this girl very obligingly came and stood next to it to make a phone call!

Use Layers

Layering – ie combining multiple subjects in the foreground and background (and, if you’re really good at it, or lucky, the middle ground) is a difficult but very effective photography technique. You’ll need a very narrow aperture to ensure maximum depth of field – F10 or narrower if the light permits – and be patient, but pictures with multiple layers invariably make the eye linger longer and convey a very dynamic atmosphere.

Cleaner at Khlong Thoey Market, Bangkok

Fishmongers at Khlong Thoey Market, Bangkok

Market stall at Phutharet Market, Bangkok

Light & Lines

Photography is, of course, all about light – the name literally means “drawing with light”. And markets, with their indoor and outdoor areas, and narrow beams of light shining down between awnings, are a real playground for light-aware photographers. This picture, using spot metering to expose for the chopping boards and the seller’s hat, creates a real atmosphere of mystery in an otherwise busy market (again, Khlong Thoey in Bangkok):

An awareness of lines, and how they draw and direct the viewer’s eye, can be used to create really dynamic images and markets are full of them. In this shot, the guy’s muscular arms, flying hair and visible effort already create a dynamic photo, and the lines of the shutters behind him and the umbrella in front of him really enhance the sense of movement.

Every Picture Tells a Story

A good picture doesn’t just capture a moment – it tells a story. When composing, think about what you’re seeing through the lens. Are you just taking a portrait or an action shot, or is there something more going on? Look for context, look for emotions, look at what else is happening within the frame and try to capture a picture that either tells a story, or leaves unanswered questions as to what is going on or what the subject is feeling.

In this picture, the guy at Mapusa Market is clearly having a quiet, boring day, & even the arrival of the photographer can’t cheer him up…

This one is my favourite ever market shot! This guy is trying to weigh some chickens and has just been pecked in the face by one of the birds in his left hand. I love the strain on his face, the blur of movement to his left, and the chicken resigned to its fate sitting on the scales.

…and in this one, taken at Phutharet Market, we’re looking at two guys who’ve probably been working all night & have finally got to the end of their shift.

…and this guy has also clearly come to the end of a long day:

You can also think about taking a series of photos to tell a story or create a photo essay.

I hope you find these tips helpful when it comes to shooting in markets! Always remember, people working in markets are too busy to pay much attention to you so don’t be shy, get in there and shoot – and don’t forget to smile!